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This activity is designed to build awareness of the ethical, social, and safety considerations around QR codes. Learners will explore positive habits for interacting with QR codes and develop a practical checklist for evaluating when a QR code is worth scanning and when it’s not. This activity helps learners develop the tools to pause and think critically before they scan. This is the third session of the Understanding QR Codes series.

Learners will work through four simple questions, about a QR code’s source, its destination, what it might ask for from us, and whether there are any warning signs, and practise applying them to real and hypothetical scanning scenarios. They’ll weigh up genuine trade-offs between convenience and caution, and come away with habits they can actually use next time a QR code is in front of them.

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[Video] | Video Essay (Recommended for Y7+)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w5ebcowAJD8

YouTube link for video “I built a QR code with my bare hands to see how it works” by Veritasium.

{Description}

Consider using this video to help explain and demonstrate aspects of a QR code in more detail. These sections are most relevant to this activity:

  • 31:16-32:23 QR Code Safety [01:07]

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  • Understanding that decisions around scanning QR codes have a real impact on people, connecting small everyday choices to broader questions of trust and safety online

  • Explaining why the same QR code might be safe in one context, like a museum display, and worth questioning in another context, like a random public sticker

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  • Understanding and applying a defined process, like a safe-scanning habits checklist, before deciding whether to proceed with a digital interaction

  • Recognising that scanning a QR code and sharing information through it carries a genuine responsibility for privacy and security

  • Evaluating a real or hypothetical scanning scenario against more than just functional outcomes, to include social and ethical considerations

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social-sciences

Discussing who has the power to place a QR code somewhere, what responsibility that carries, why some QR codes might be placed to mislead people and who benefits from that, connecting with how power, influence, and trust operate in everyday systems.

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Forming and justifying a reasoned opinion on genuinely debatable scenarios, using the same purpose-and-audience thinking that underpins any persuasive or exploratory discussion.

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Applying the same personal safety management thinking used to manage risk and make informed choices, like checking a situation before acting and knowing when to ask for help, to decisions with digital tools and in digital spaces.

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  • Work through one safe-scanning habit at a time rather than all at once, to pace a suitably meaningful discussion.

  • Individually or in groups, challenge learners to use what they’ve learned from the discussion to build their own version of a safe-scanning checklist that they can use day-to-day, then share and compare with the class, and consider how their personal checklists compare with the activity framework.

  • Consider viewing the YouTube video essay by Veritasium, "I built a QR code with my bare hands to see how it works". See Supporting Materials for the video link and timestamps for the segments that pair well with this activity.

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  • In groups or on their own, challenge learners to write their own tricky “is this safe?” scenario to share in groups or with the class and test against the safe-scanning framework.

  • In small groups, prompt learners to create their own safety campaign designed to teach others about using QR codes safely. Invite them to consider media like posters, videos, links to approved advice online, and more.

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Teachers should consider:

  • Preparing scenarios in advance, to have a set of QR code scanning scenarios ready that are age-appropriate and school-approved.

    • Include a mix of scenarios that are clearly safe, clearly unsafe, and genuinely ambiguous, so the framework gets a proper workout.

    • Use low-stakes scenarios rather than worst-case ones, to ground the discussion and avoid fear-based framing.

    • Keeping the tone empowering, framing the discussion around what learners can do rather than a list of dangers to fear.

  • Anticipating familiarity and disclosures, being aware that learners may bring up during discussion their real, possibly unsafe experiences scanning dodgy QR codes or hearing about someone who has.

    • Check in early to establish a safe space that seeks to validate and contextualise prior experiences rather than judge and penalise.

    • Have a plan for framing or redirecting calmly, to support reflection and understanding.

    • See Digital Safety & Wellbeing below for more.

  • Device preparation, including charging batteries, checking whether the built-in cameras scan QR codes directly or whether dedicated QR code scanner app is needed, and potentially connecting to the internet.

  • Group assignments, including supporting student collaboration, as this activity benefits from small-group discussions.

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Building good habits sets learners up to use QR codes safely and confidently. For learners who already scan QR codes habitually, this is a chance to ground and sharpen an existing skill.

This activity covers a framework for evaluating safety, and how it’s facilitated matters as much as the content itself. Keep it grounded in real, useful habits rather than fear. Discussions about digital risk can surface genuinely sensitive territory, like scams, privacy breaches, or uncomfortable online experiences. This is a normal part of an honest conversation about safety and important to be ready for.

>>> General Guidance

  • Frame QR codes as encoded data that connects with real content, not just funny things to scan.

  • Frame awareness as a tool and information-gathering as a skill.

    • Reinforce clear, actionable habits rather than fearful avoidance.

    • We control our decisions and actions, not the content QR codes connect with.

  • Maintain a clear boundary between learning environments and uncontrolled digital spaces.

    • Reinforce that not all codes should be trusted or tested blindly.

    • Avoid inviting or encouraging learners to scan random codes they find on their own in public spaces.

>>> Before the activity

  • Prepare a small set of scanning scenarios to present in a controlled and age-appropriate way, that cover safe, unsafe, and genuinely ambiguous cases.

  • Make sure that your materials and approach align with school policies and guidance around digital safety and wellbeing.

>>> During the activity

  • Keep discussion focused on the framework rather than drifting into detailed descriptions of specific harms.

  • If a learner discloses a real experience, acknowledge it and bring the group discussion back to the general framework rather than focus on their specific situation. See the If a Learner Discloses Something guidance for more on this.

>>> If a Learner Discloses Something

Talking openly about digital risk can prompt learners to mention something that they’ve heard about or that’s even actually happened to them.

  • In the Moment:

    • Acknowledge and validate kindly and calmly. You don’t need to resolve anything on the spot. Your job in the moment is to make the learner feel heard. “Thanks for sharing. That sounds like it was confusing/frustrating/a bit scary” goes a long way, without needing to draw out further detail in front of the class.

    • Keep the focus general rather than personal. “That’s a great example of the kind of thing our framework is designed to catch” helps bring things back to the objective rather than examining a personal situation in front of the class.

  • Handling vs Redirecting:

    • Many disclosures are OK to handle within the lesson by contextualising how the framework itself is designed to address them. These kinds of more commonplace issues, like a confusing website address, an odd pop-up, or other moments of uncertainty, are worth acknowledging and then checking in on privately afterward.

    • Some disclosures are worth treating as a cue to redirect to more appropriate counsel rather than risk mishandling a more serious issue. Trust your instincts and your understanding of your school’s processes to identify signs of real distress, risks to safety, and what to do next.

    • When in doubt, redirect. You don’t have to make the call alone or immediately. A private follow-up conversation is always available as a next step, and your school will have processes and people to support you and your learners in this.

  • Next Steps:

    • Follow up privately with the learner, even briefly, so they know it wasn’t just brushed past.

    • Reach out for help, if a disclosure or follow-up conversation meets any signals for concern, by looping in whoever your school’s process points to that can provide the appropriate care and assistance.

>>> After the activity

  • Reflect on what makes a QR code feel trustworthy or not, reinforcing that making informed decisions is what we can control to keep ourselves safe, not the content itself.

  • Reinforce a clear boundary between learning environments and uncontrolled digital spaces, including that not all QR codes should be trusted or tested.

  • Follow up individually, and through your school’s usual process, with any learner whose disclosure suggested they might need support.

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>>> y4-6 | Y4-6 | 1 Lesson (Guided & Scaffolded)

If possible, consider spreading across two lessons, focusing on two habits in each. This gives learners time and space to become familiar with each habit before bringing all four together at the end.

Lesson 1 — Where Codes Come From & Where They Lead

  • Introduction & Discussion — Ask learners how they decide whether something is safe in everyday life, like crossing the road. Connect that instinct to QR codes, explaining that a code isn’t good or bad on its own; it’s how it’s used that matters.

  • Think Before You Scan — Introduce the idea of pausing, observing, and asking a few questions before scanning. Practise it as a class with a simple “stop, look, ask” routine.

  • Habit 1: Know the Source — Show learners QR codes in different example real-world places, like a class handout, a museum display, and a random sticker.

    • Consider each of the focus questions from the guide.

    • Then, have learners sort each example into “trusted” or “not sure” categories.

  • Habit 2: Know the Destination — Show one code with a clear label and one with none, and ask which one tells you what will happen when you scan it.

    • Consider why a code might not have an explanation and what it could mean about how trustworthy it is.

    • Discuss other ways of knowing or finding out where a code leads, and consider the consequences of each method.

Lesson 2 — Protecting Ourselves & Knowing When to Stop

  • Recap & Discussion — Revisit the first two habits with a quick thumbs-up (“trusted” source or destination) or thumbs-down (“not sure”) on a few new scenarios, asking learners to explain their choices.

  • Habit 3: Protect Private Information — Role-play opening links that asks for a name, email, or phone number.

    • Discuss why a destination might need this kind of information and what they might use it for (keeping the focus on assessing risk and raising awareness, rather than detailing harms and inciting fear. See the Digital Safety Wellbeing guidance for support with this).

    • Have learners practise combining the first two habits with this one to vet sources, destinations, the significance of information gathering, and checking with a teacher or trusted adult before sharing anything.

  • Habit 4: Dodgy? Don’t Scan! — Show examples of codes that look damaged, out of place, or stuck over another code.

    • Discuss how these codes could have ended up like this. Who could have put them there and why?

    • Consider other clues about a code, it’s link, or even it’s destination content that might cause us to be suspicious or stop an interaction.

    • Discuss ways of disengaging from a code or its content at different stages and why it’s important to be cautious and safe.

  • Reflection & Wrap-Up — Walk through a final scenario as a class using all four habits, then ask learners to share one question they’d ask first before scanning a QR code.

>>> y7-8 | Y7-8 | 1 Lesson (Guided Inquiry, Scenario-Based)

  • Introduction & Discussion — Read “Are QR Codes Safe?” together and invite learners to agree or disagree with the idea that QR codes aren’t good or bad, only the way they’re used.

  • Expert Groups — Break into small groups, and assign each group one of the four Safe Scanning Habits to become the “expert” on using the guide’s questions. Then have each group teach their habit to the class with a short presentation.

  • Scenario Testing — Give groups a mixed set of safe, unsafe, and ambiguous scenarios, and have them apply all four habits to each. Ask them to justify every decision using specific questions from the guide.

  • Debating & Reflecting — Facilitate a class discussion on the trickiest scenarios, such as a trusted source that asks for personal information. Draw out genuine disagreement in order to test and solidify understanding.

>>> y9+ | Y9+ | 1 Lesson (Critical Audit & Discussion)

  • Our Criteria — Bring back the “what would make me sure a code is safe?” list from ‘Quick Response’ Codes, or run a quick habit check if starting fresh. Compare it with the guide’s four habits to gauge what learners already cover and what they may be missing.

  • Interrogating the Framework — Break into groups, and have groups each take one habit to critique its questions, deciding which are easy to answer in the moment and which are harder in practice. Ask each group to propose one question they’d add.

  • Applying to Realistic Scenarios — Work through higher-stakes scenarios drawn from the guide, such as a code stuck over another code on a public poster, a page asking for an email address, or a destination prompting an immediate download. Have learners apply all four habits.

  • Knowing vs Doing — Facilitate a discussion on why safe habits are easy to know but harder to practise when you’re rushed or a code is convenient. Ask what would make pausing realistic in everyday life.